Among Zoroastrian burial items, there is a camel-shaped zoomorphic OSTADON lying there. It was found…
The majlis remained the main forum of musical performance in public.
They were held not only in the palace of Husayn Bayqara and famous personalities of the era, but also in the homes of poets and musicians. The majlises organized by Alisher Navoi, ‘Abd al-Rahman Jami, Sayyid Hasan Ardasher and Pahlavan Muhammad Kushtigir in Herat were especially outstanding.
The story of one such splendid majlis was recorded for us by Zayn al-Din Vasifi in his “Chapter describing the majlis of Mir Alisher and Haji Majd al-Din Muhammad, and the jokes of enlightened people about Maulana ‘Abdulvasi Munshi in the Barza garden”. From him we learn about the musical portion of this event from the fact that there were 18 singers (khananda) and musicians (sazanda), including such singers as Hafiz Basir, Hafiz Mir, Hafiz Hasan ‘Ali, Hafiz Haji, Hafiz Sultan Mahmud Aisha, Shah Muhammad Khananda, Siyahcha Khananda, Hafiz Ubahi, Hafiz Tarbati and Hafiz Charagdan. The musicians included Ustad Hasan Nayi, Ustad Kul Muhammad Udi, Ustad Hasan Balabani, Ustad ‘Ali Khanaqqahi, Ustad Muhammadi, Ustad Haji Kuhasti Nayi, Ustad Sayyid Ahmad Gijjaki, and Ustad ‘Ali Kuchak Tanburi.
The house of Sayyid Hasan Ardasher (died 1488 - 1489) was another famous place in Herat where majlis were organized. We have the expressive testimony of Alisher Navoi on this place, as well as the house of Pahlavan Muhammad Kushtigir. As Navoi recalled (in “The Life of Pahlavan Muhammad”), this was where music and poetry lovers, along with droves of musicians, singers and dancers would congregate.
You can learn more about the topic in the book-album "The Musical Legacy of Uzbekistan in Collections of the Russian Federation" (Volume VI) from the series "Cultural legacy of Uzbekistan in the world collections".
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